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9.1.1 BGA Component Rework Process Flow

 
Outline
This procedure covers BGA component rework process flow instructions.

Minimum Skill Level - Advanced
Recommended for technicians with soldering and component rework skills and exposure to most repair/rework procedures, but lacking extensive experience.

Conformance Level - High
This procedure most closely duplicates the physical characteristics of the original, and most probably complies with all the functional, environmental and serviceability factors.

Images and Figures
9.1.1 BGA Component Rework Process Flow
Ball Grid Array Rework Station
Introduction
This document has been prepared by Circuit Technology Center, Inc. The purpose is to ensure repeatable, high-quality rework of BGA components and to assure conformity to the highest industry standards and specifications.

Note: This document covers procedures and guidelines specific to BGA component rework conducted by the staff at Circuit Technology Center, Inc. Organizations using this information may need to make modifications, or other changes, to accommodate their own particular needs.

Initial Processing
  1. Receiving and Price Quoting
    Upon arrival, each BGA component rework project will be reviewed by the Circuit Technology Center Sales Department. Personnel will refer to BGA Rework Process Worksheets when evaluating potential BGA rework projects. Only appropriate scheduling personnel are authorized to schedule the completion date.
  2. Repeat Projects
    If the BGA component rework project appears to be one that has been processed before, it should be checked in the BGA Rework Process Worksheets. If the BGA component will require reballing, or if the BGA component site will require modification or repair, an appropriate scheduling adjustment may be required. Sales Department personnel will inform the Production Manager about any complexities to ensure appropriate scheduling.
  3. New Projects
    For all new projects, the circuit boards and BGA components must be evaluated according to the BGA Rework Process Worksheet. New BGA component rework projects require the following items to develop a proper rework profile.
    (1) Assembled profile circuit board.
    (2) Profile components for each BGA component rework location.
    Note: Customers must be made aware of the necessity of these profile boards and components. In most cases, it will be impossible to proceed without these items. If these items are not available, BGA rework projects must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
  4. Profiling
    Much of our current profiling is done using the AirVac Smart Trac System. This profiling system eliminates the necessity of drilling into the board substrate in order to collect temperature data. However, one to three reflow cycles will be needed to determine the proper profile of the component location.
    Note: When an appropriate profile circuit board is not available, the actual circuit board may be exposed to multiple reflow cycles to determine the proper reflow cycle. These multiple reflow cycles may degrade overall reliability.
  5. BGA Process Worksheets
    Fill out the required information. If unsure whether the board has been worked on previously, see the past BGA Process Worksheet.

    If all items are present, work with the appropriate scheduling authority for a scheduled date. If any of the items are missing, discuss the shortage with the Sales Department and notify the customer if needed.

    Once the BGA rework project has been quoted, it should be forwarded to Customer Service for order entry and customer approval. If there are any outstanding issues, including ordering stencils, nozzles, or reballing, ensure that the BGA Rework Department is notified as soon as the order is approved.

    Note: When coding BGA projects use only the approved codes.
  6. BGA Rework Process Worksheets
    The continual changing of board/component part numbers makes it difficult to determine whether a particular circuit board and component location has previously been reworked. Refer to BGA Process Worksheet before beginning each repeat project.
Staging/Preparation
  1. Staging
    After each BGA rework project has been logged and quoted, it will be staged as follows:

    Small Orders - Deliver directly to the BGA rework area with appropriate labels. Loose boards with parts will be loaded into racks marked "Incoming." Small boxes with parts will be brought to the rack marked "Incoming Boxes."

    Large Orders - Deliver to incoming holding area for staging.
  2. Initial Inspection
    When starting a new BGA rework project, personnel should consider the following:
    1. Verify circuit board and component part numbers and quantities against the customer packing slip and Circuit Technology Center sales order.
    2. Determine the correct nozzle, stencil, and rework profile.
    3. Ensure the circuit board will fit on the base of the BGA rework machine. Over-sized boards may require special handling.
    4. Visually inspect circuit boards for temperature-sensitive components or parts. (Fiber optics, plastic connectors, batteries, etc..)
    5. Review BGA Machine Preventive Maintenance Schedule. Ensure the appropriate checks are done prior to operating BGA rework machines.
  3. BGA Component Handling
    When starting a new BGA rework project, personnel should consider the following:
    BGA components may be sensitive to moisture. If BGA parts are not received in sealed packages, those BGA parts must be baked as follows:
    1. Remove BGA components from packaging.
    2. Place BGA components into a labeled tray. The tray must be labeled with Customer Name, Sales Order No., Baking Start Time/Date.
    3. Bake BGA components at 125 C for 24 hours.
    4. After baking, allow parts to cool to room temperature and immediately place into sealed moisture barrier bags. Bags must be labeled with the Customer Name and Sales Order number. Bags must be placed into a desiccant chamber.
BGA Component Rework Processing
  1. Initial Review/Disassembly
    Operators should initially review all paperwork. Assess circuit boards to determine the need for any disassembly or component masking. If disassembly is needed, all materials must be labeled and instructions written to ensure that materials are replaced after rework.
  2. BGA Machine Inspection
    The following should be checked prior to starting:
    1. Appropriate Nozzle Installed
    2. Rework Profile Available
    3. Proper Input Air Pressure
      Note: If this is the first piece in a larger order, it may require a formal First Piece Inspection. See the Production Manager or Inspection for guidance.
    4. Reflow Profile - Existing
      Use the designated reflow profile if available. If the reflow profile is not available on the particular BGA rework machine, the profile may be transferred from another machine.
    5. Reflow Profile - Creation
      Each unique rework profile includes a removal cycle, placement cycle, and site cleaning cycle. Refer to the following procedures for details: 9.2.1 BGA Component Rework Profile Development, Standard Method; 9.2.2 BGA Component Rework Profile Development, Smart Track Method
      If no profile is available, an existing profile that closely matches the component and board size may be used. All parties must be aware of the inherent risk in using common profiles.
Procedure for reference only.